Neourethra creation using autologous vascularized intestinal graft in cats.

The objective of this study was to assess the application of a urethrostomy technique that utilizes an autologous vascularized intestinal graft as a "neourethra" and to analyze its short- and long-term feasibilities. Six cats with urethral rupture and 8 cats with urethral stricture and a history of urethrostomy were included. The inclusion criteria were the indication for urethroplasty and limited urethral length for perineal urethrostomy. A segment of intestine was prepared as a graft for urethral repair. The diameter of the aboral end was adjusted to facilitate anastomosis with the urethra or neck of the urinary bladder. An ostomy was created in the prepubic region using the oral end. The postoperative follow-up period was at least 1 y. Restoration of urinary flow was successful in all cases immediately after surgery. During postoperative follow-up, minimal complications were observed, with urinary incontinence being one of the most frequent, occurring in 28.5% (4/14) of the cases. Urine culture, carried out at different times during the follow-up period, was positive in 72.7% (8/11) of the cats. The autologous graft from the vascularized intestinal segment was an appropriate urethral substitute and this urethroplasty technique therefore proved to be feasible in cats. The postoperative complications observed were not exclusive to this technique and generally could either be corrected or tolerated. Periodic clinical follow-up examinations are recommended. This procedure allows the reestablishment of urinary flow and should be considered a favorable option, particularly when there is insufficient urethral tissue to allow repair using conventional techniques.

L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'application d'une technique d'urétrostomie qui utilise une greffe intestinale vascularisée autologue comme « néo-urètre ¼ et d'analyser ses faisabilités à court et à long terme. Six chats avec rupture urétrale et huit chats avec rétrécissement urétral et antécédents d'urétrostomie ont été inclus. Les critères d'inclusion étaient l'indication d'urétroplastie et la longueur urétrale limitée pour l'urétrostomie périnéale. Un segment d'intestin a été préparé comme greffon pour la réparation urétrale. Le diamètre de l'extrémité aborale était ajusté pour faciliter l'anastomose avec l'urètre ou le col de la vessie. Une stomie a été créée dans la région prépubienne en utilisant l'extrémité orale. La période de suivi postopératoire était d'au moins 1 an. La restauration du flux urinaire a réussi dans tous les cas immédiatement après la chirurgie. Au cours du suivi postopératoire, des complications minimes ont été observées, l'incontinence urinaire étant l'une des plus fréquentes, survenant dans 28,5 % (4/14) des cas. La culture urinaire, réalisée à différents moments de la période de suivi, était positive chez 72,7 % (8/11) des chats. La greffe autologue du segment intestinal vascularisé était un substitut urétral approprié et cette technique d'urétroplastie s'est donc avérée réalisable chez le chat. Les complications postopératoires observées n'étaient pas exclusives à cette technique et pouvaient généralement être soit corrigées soit tolérées. Des examens de suivi clinique périodiques sont recommandés. Cette procédure permet le rétablissement du flux urinaire et doit être considérée comme une option favorable, en particulier lorsque le tissu urétral est insuffisant pour permettre une réparation à l'aide de techniques conventionnelles.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

First report of Caryospora sp. infection in free-living green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Northeastern Brazil.

Infection by Caryospora cheloniae has been reported to be responsible for green turtle strandings with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although studies have already shown the pathogenesis of these infections, many aspects of this protozoan are still poorly understood, including their life cycle and infection dynamics in free-living sea turtle populations. Due to the lack of information about the infection by this protozoan in sea turtles in Northeastern Brazil, our study aims to describe Caryospora sp. infection and its pathological findings in free-living Chelonia mydas found on the north coast of the Bahia state. Between 2018 and 2019, 64 specimens of green turtles were necropsied in partnership with Fundação Projeto Tamar; among these, 10 (1.56%) had oocysts morphologically compatible with Caryospora cheloniae in the evaluation of fecal samples and histopathological examination of intestinal samples. The infected animals were juvenile green turtles that were found stranded on the beaches of the north coast of Bahia. The pathological findings were restricted to the lower gastrointestinal tract, with different presentations and intensities. About 70% of the animals with coccidial infection exhibited erosive and ulcerative fibrinous enteritis. This is the first report of coccidiosis in green turtles on the north coast of Bahia.

Unusual case of polyarthritis and hepatorenal syndrome associated with Leptospira interrogans infection in a dog: A case report.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochetal bacterial of the genus Leptospira affecting virtually all mammals. The infection has a broad range of effects, from mild clinical manifestation to multiple organ failure, and ultimately death. A 5-months-old male unvaccinated dog was admitted to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital presenting dullness, dehydration, jaundiced mucous, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and hyporexia. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) detected serological titers of 1:1.600 for serogroup Canicola. After five days of monitoring by the medical team he developed fever and swelling of carpal and tarsal joints, accompanied by functional limitation. Initial antimicrobial treatment was instituted for leptospirosis. Polyarthritis responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy was observed through decreasing signs of inflammation of the affected joints. The diagnosis of leptospirosis was further confirmed by molecular investigation for Leptospira spp. on blood and synovial fluid samples. Amplification and sequencing of the secY partial gene characterized the infective bacterial as Leptospira interrogans. From the 7th day the respiratory condition worsened and on Day 14 the patient evolved to death, when necropsy and histological evaluation were performed. Prominent anatomopathological findings included: fibrinous polyarthritis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, intense hepatocyte dissociation, cholestasis, and periportal multifocal hepatitis, diffuse acute tubular necrosis, and significant dystrophic mineralization in the renal parenchyma, lungs, and atrial endocardium. Here, we present a case report of systemic clinical manifestations polyarthritis associated with the presence of leptospiras in the synovial fluid. We highlight the need for richer knowledge about the different clinical manifestations of leptospirosis.

Ocular ultrasonography of sea turtles.

BACKGROUND: Environmental changes contribute to the development of ophthalmic diseases in sea turtles, but information on their eye biometrics is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe ophthalmic ultrasonographic features of four different sea turtle species; Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle; n = 10), Chelonia mydas (Green turtle; n = 8), Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill turtle; n = 8) and Lepidochelys olivacea (Olive ridley; n = 6) under human care. Corneal thickness, scleral ossicle width and thickness, anterior chamber depth, axial length of the lens, vitreous chamber depth and axial globe length were measured by B-mode sonography with a linear transducer. Carapace size and animal weight were recorded. A sonographic description of the eye structures was established. RESULTS: The four species presented an ovate eyeball, a relatively thin cornea, and a small-sized lens positioned rostrally in the eye bulb, near the cornea, resulting in a shallow anterior chamber. The scleral ossicles did not prevent the evaluation of intraocular structures, even with a rotated eye or closed eyelids; image formation beyond the ossicles and measurements of all proposed structures were possible. B-mode sonography was easily performed in all animals studied. The sonographic characteristics of the eye were similar among the four species. Since there was a correlation between the size of the eye structures and the size of the individual, especially its carapace size, the differences found between E. imbricata and Caretta caretta are believed to be due to their overall difference in size. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography is a valuable tool in ophthalmic evaluation of these species. Only minor differences were found between the species in this study, reinforcing their phylogenetic proximity and their similar functions and habitats.

Anatomical, histological and computed tomography comparisons of the eye and adnexa of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) to domestic dogs.

An understanding of species' morphological and physiological parameters is crucial to developing conservation strategies for wild animals kept in human care. Detailed information is lacking for crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) eyes and adnexa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe anatomical, histological and computed tomography (CT) features of the eye and adnexa in crab-eating fox, compared to domestic dogs. CT of the eye and adnexa of one live animal and a frozen specimen was performed for anatomical identification. In addition, the heads of five animals of each species were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for gross anatomical description of the eye and adnexa using topographic dissection and exenteration techniques. All steps were photographed and features such as location, shape, and distances and relationships between structures were described. For histological evaluation, two eyes of each species were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed by routine paraffin inclusion technique and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The CT scan was difficult to evaluate, mainly that of the frozen head, which did not provide good definition of the soft tissues; nevertheless, it demonstrated the potential for structure visualization and description. The gross anatomical and histological evaluations showed the presence of eyelashes on the upper eyelid and of upper and lower lacrimal points, an incomplete orbit with supraorbital ligament, slightly exposed sclera with discretely pigmented limbus and pigmentation throughout the conjunctiva, and a slit-shaped pupil. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated structural similarities between the crab-eating fox and domestic dog. Thus, the possibility of using the domestic dog as a study model for the preventive and therapeutic management of wild dogs kept in human care is demonstrated.

Lesions in 224 spleens of splenectomized dogs and evalution of alternative techniques for previous microscopic diagnosis / Lesões em 224 baços de cães esplenectomizados e avaliação de técnicas alternativas para diagnóstico microscópico prévio

When detecting a proliferative splenic lesion, veterinarians usually choose splenectomy before a conclusive diagnosis, which can provide a deleterious effect to the dog. The most appropriate would be to perform splenectomy as a therapeutic procedure only in cases with real surgical indication, which can be established after defining microscopic diagnosis and prognosis. The objectives of this study were: to determine the frequency of different types of lesions in spleens of splenectomized dogs in the period of 12 years (2006-2017); determine the representativity of neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant) and non-neoplastic lesions; to evaluate and compare the safety and efficiency of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and ultrasound-guided Tru-cut needle biopsy for cytological and histopathological diagnosis, respectively, of splenic nodular lesions. In the studied period 224 cases of lesions were found in splenectomized spleens. The frequency of non-neoplastic lesions (50,45%, 113/224) and neoplastic lesions (49,55%, 111/224) was very similar. Among the neoplastic lesions, the malignant ones were more frequent (79,27%, 88/111), and the hemangiosarcoma was the most common (52,25%, 58/111). The possibility of malignant neoplasm was about 74% greater than a benign one. In summary, it was verified that 60.71% (136/224) of the cases corresponded to benign lesions without indication to splenectomy. FNA techniques and Tru-cut biopsy showed a low risk of complications. Regarding the diagnostic efficacy, the FNA obtained 71.43% (15/21) of conclusive diagnoses, 60% (9/15) of which were compatible with the final result of the histopathological evaluation, after splenectomy (gold standard). The Tru-cut biopsy obtained 71.43% (5/7) of conclusive diagnoses and 28.57% (2/7) of inconclusive diagnoses. Among the conclusive one, in 100% of the cases the diagnosis was compatible with the gold standard. Thus, since the possibility of benign splenic lesions in dogs is 1.52 times greater than malignancies, splenectomy should be recommended as a therapeutic procedure only in cases with proven surgical indication, which can be established after definition of microscopic diagnosis and prognosis. The use of FNA and Tru-cut biopsy should be recommended, especially for small and focal splenic lesions, since such techniques are good alternatives for establishing diagnosis previously to splenectomy, which may reduce the number of unnecessary splenectomies. The importance of recommending such techniques is emphasized, especially for dogs with focal splenic lesions smaller than three centimeters.(AU)

Rotineiramente, frente à detecção de uma lesão proliferativa esplênica, médicos veterinários costumam optar pela esplenectomia antes de se obter o diagnóstico definitivo da lesão esplênica, o que pode trazer consequências deletérias ao cão. O mais apropriado seria, contudo, a sua adoção, como medida terapêutica, apenas nos casos com comprovada indicação cirúrgica, o que pode ser estabelecido após o diagnóstico microscópico e prognóstico definidos. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: determinar a frequência dos diferentes tipos de lesão em baços de cães esplenectomizados no período de 12 anos (2006-2017); determinar a representatividade das lesões neoplásicas (benignas e malignas) e não neoplásicas; avaliar e comparar a segurança e a eficiência da punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) e da biópsia por agulha Tru-cut guiadas por ultrassom para o diagnóstico citológico e histopatológico, respectivamente, de lesões nodulares esplênicas. No período estudado foram encontrados 224 casos de lesões em baços esplenectomizados. A frequência de lesões não neoplásicas (50,45%, 113/224) e neoplásicas (49,55%, 111/224) esplênicas foi muito semelhante. Entre as neoplásicas, as de caráter maligno foram mais frequentes (79,27%, 88/111) e o hemangiossarcoma o mais comum (52,25%, 58/111). A possibilidade de ocorrência de uma neoplasia maligna foi cerca de 74% maior do que uma benigna. Em suma, verificou-se que em 60,71% (136/224) dos casos estudados, tratava-se de lesões benignas que não teriam indicação de esplenectomia. As técnicas de PAAF e a biópsia por agulha Tru-cut demonstraram ter baixo risco de complicações. Quanto à eficácia diagnóstica, pela PAAF obteve-se 71,43% (15/21) de diagnósticos conclusivos, sendo 60% (9/15) desses compatíveis com o resultado final realizado pela avaliação histopatológica, após a esplenectomia (padrão ouro). Já a biópsia por Tru-cut obteve 71,43% (5/7) de diagnósticos conclusivos e 28,57% (2/7) de inconclusivos. Dentre os conclusivos, em 100% dos casos o diagnóstico foi compatível com o padrão ouro. Desta maneira, visto a possibilidade de ocorrência de lesões esplênicas benignas em cães serem 1,52 vezes maior do que as malignas deve ser recomentado a adoção de esplenectomia, como medida terapêutica, apenas nos casos com comprovada indicação cirúrgica, o que pode ser estabelecido após o diagnóstico microscópico e prognóstico definidos. O uso da PAAF e da biópsia por Tru-cut deve ser recomentado, sobretudo, para lesões esplênicas pequenas e focais, uma vez que tais técnicas representam boas alternativas para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico prévio a esplenectomia, o que pode reduzir o número de esplenectomias desnecessárias. Enfatiza-se a importância da recomendação de tais técnicas, sobretudo para cães com lesões esplênicas focais menores do que três centímetros.(AU)

Morphological study of the eye and adnexa in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.).

The objective of this study was to describe the anatomic and histologic features of the Sapajus sp. eye, comparing similarities and differences of humans and other species of non-human primates for biomedical research purposes. Computed tomography (CT) of adnexa, eye and orbit live animal, as well as formolized pieces of the same structures of Sapajus sp. for anatomical and histological study were also performed. The anatomical description of the eye and adnexa was performed using the techniques of topographic dissection and exenteration. Histological fragments were fixated in buffered formalin 10%, processed by the routine paraffin inclusion technique, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and special stains. CT scan evaluation showed no differences between the live animal and the formolized head on identification of visual apparatus structures. Anatomic and histologic evaluation revealed rounded orbit, absence of the supraorbital foramen and frontal notch, little exposure of the sclera, with slight pigmentation of the exposed area and marked pigmentation at the sclerocorneal junction. Masson's Trichrome revealed the Meibomian glands, the corneal epithelium and Bowman's membrane; in the choroid, melanocytes and Bruch's membrane were observed; and in the retina, cones and rods as well as, optic nerve, the lamina cribrosa of the nerve fibers bundles. Toluidine blue highlighted the membranes: Bowman, Descemet and the endothelium; in the choroid: melanocytes; and in the retina: nuclear layers and retinal pigment epithelium. In view of the observed results Sapajus sp. is an important experimental model for research in the ophthalmology field, which has been shown due to the high similarity of its anatomical and histological structures with the human species.

Polymethylmethacrylate orbital implants with interconnecting channels. A retrospective study following enucleation in dogs and cats.

PURPOSE: This study describes the use of polymethylmethacrylate implants with interconnecting channels (PIIC) to fill the orbit following enucleation in 31 dogs and 11 cats. METHOD: Seven channels were drilled into the implant. A central channel, running from the PIIC pole to its flat surface, was used to pass sutures anchoring the PIIC to the orbital fascia, minimizing the likelihood of extrusion. Six more channels allowed ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue into the PIIC, which reduces the risk of extrusion. Patients were evaluated 3, 10, and 30 days postoperatively, with 15 of 42 patients followed for 6-20 months. Ultrasound examination was performed in seven patients 15-510 days postoperatively, and two implants were studied histopathologically. RESULTS: Implants were well tolerated and prevented skin concavity, leading to good cosmetic results. Blood flow was imaged in vessels growing into the channels, and histopathologically a collagenous, fibrovascular capsule was seen surrounding the PIIC and invading its channels. CONCLUSIONS: PIICs are a safe and cosmetic solution to anophthalmic orbits, allowing ingrowth of blood vessels and fibrovascular tissue.

Avaliação ultrassonográfica de linfonodos na pesquisa de metástases de neoplasia mamária em cadelas / Ultrasonographic evaluation of lymph nodes for metastasis research of canine mammary tumor

A avaliação de linfonodo, parte importante do estadiamento das neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, pode auxiliar no estabelecimento do prognóstico e na escolha da conduta terapêutica. A ultrassonografia em modo B possibilita avaliação de tamanho, contorno, borda, forma, arquitetura, ecotextura e ecogenicidade do parênquima dos linfonodos e, em modo Doppler, da quantidade e distribuição dos seus vasos internos. Este trabalho visou identificar as características ultrassonográficas mais importantes utilizadas para classificar os linfonodos em metastáticos e não-metastáticos, estabelecer elementos de confiabilidade do ultrassom como ferramenta para diferenciar linfonodos metastáticos de não-metastáticos e estabelecer procedimentos de reprodução deste exame. Foram examinados 67 linfonodos inguinais superficiais de 30 cadelas com tumor mamário e cada linfonodo foi classificado como metastático ou não-metastático. A impressão diagnóstica ultrassonográfica foi associada aos resultados do exame histopato lógico dos linfonodos obtendo-se taxa de concordância de 92,5 por cento, índice de sensibilidade de 94,1 por cento, índice de especificidade de 92 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 0,8 e valor preditivo negativo de 0,9787. Características ultrassonográficas que classificaram um linfonodo como metastático ou como não-metastático foram listadas. O exame ultrassonográfico dos linfonodos regionais constitui importante ferramenta na detecção de metástase e sugere-se incluí-lo como rotina do estadiamento de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas.

Evaluation of lymph nodes is part of the staging of the mammary tumors and helps to establish a prognosis and therapy. B-mode ultrasonography was used to evaluate size, edge, nodal borders, shape, architecture, echotexture and echogenicity of lymph nodes and Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the quantity and distribution of the vessels. The aims of this work were to identify which ultrasound features can be used to classify a lymph node as metastatic or non-metastatic; to establish its accuracy as a useful tool to this differentiation, and to establish procedures that permit the reproducibility of the results. Sixty seven lymph nodes of 30 female dogs with mammary tumors were examined by ultrasound and classified as metastatic or non-metastatic. The ultrasonographic diagnostic impression was confronted with the histopathologic results. The ultrasonographic classification of the lymph nodes was correct in 92.5 percent of the cases, with sensibility of 94.1 percent, specificity of 92 percent, positive predictive value of 0.8, and negative predictive value of 0.9787.The characteristics of the nodes to classify them as metastatic or non metastatic were registered. Ultrasound imaging of regional lymph nodes is important to detect metastases and it is suggested that it becomes a regular procedure in the staging of canine mammary tumors.

Evaluation of electroacupuncture in bone healing of radius-ulna fracture in dogs / Avaliação da eletroacupuntura na consolidação óssea em cães com fratura de rádio-ulna

Acupuncture promotes peripherical sensory stimulation and local and distant release of neuropeptides and can influence bone healing. The aim of this controlled and prospective clinical study was to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in bone healing and bone mineral content of canine radius-ulna fracture after closed reduction and external immobilization. Ten dogs with radius-ulna fractures were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Group 1 dogs (n=5) received percutaneous EA immediately after closed reduction and external immobilization; after this first treatment, the frequency of application was twice a week during 4 weeks. Group 2 dogs (n=5) did not receive EA treatment. Radiographic score (RS) system and Radiographic optical densitometry (ROD) were used to assessment of fracture healing at the first day of clinical evaluation (M1), 30 days (M30) and 45 days after treatment (M45). Values of P<0.05 were considered significant. Mean±SD ROD values (mmAl) between groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly (P=0.15) at all periods, respectively M1 values (4.94±0.94; 4.3±1.14), M30 (5.19±1,24; 4,91±1.45) and M45 (5.16±1.12; 5.31±1.71). Mean±SD RS values of group 1 at M30 (2.8±0.83) was significantly different (P=0.003) from M45 (4.6±0.54). However, mean±SD RS values of group 2 at M30 (4.4±1.51) was not significantly different (P=0.30) from M45 (5.16±0.75). Comparisons of mean±SD RS values between groups 1 and 2 showed no significant difference at M30 (P=0.07) and M45 (P=0.19). Results demonstrated that EA treatment did not accelerate bone healing and did not enhance bone mineral density in canine radius-ulna fracture during the 45 days of follow-up.

Acupuntura promove estimulação sensorial periférica e liberação de neuropeptídeos, podendo influenciar a consolidação óssea. O objetivo deste estudo clínico prospectivo foi avaliar os efeitos da eletroacupuntura (EA) na consolidação óssea e densidade mineral óssea em cães com fratura de rádio-ulna (FRU) após redução fechada e imobilização externa. Dez cães com FRU foram aleatoriamente destinados em dois grupos. Grupo 1 (n=5) recebeu EA percutânea imediatamente após a redução fechada e imobilização externa; após este primeiro momento, foram feitas aplicações duas vezes por semana durante 4 semanas. Grupo 2 (n=5) não recebeu EA. Um sistema de escore radiográfico (ER) e densitometria óptica radiográfica (DOR) foram utilizados para avaliar a consolidação da fratura no primeiro dia de avaliação clínica no hospital (M1), 30 dias (M30) e 45 dias (M45) após tratamento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Valores (média ±DP) de DOR (mmAl) entre os grupos 1 e 2 não tiveram diferença significativa (P=0.15) em todos os momentos, respectivamente valores de M1 (4.94±0.94; 4.3±1.14), M30 (5.19±1,24; 4,91±1.45) e M45 (5.16±1.12; 5.31±1.71). Média±DP de ER do grupo 1 no M30 (2.8±0.83) foi significativamente diferente (P=0.003) do M45 (4.6±0.54). Entretanto, média±DP de ER do grupo 2 no M30 (4.4±1.51) não teve diferença significativa (P=0.30) do M45 (5.16±0.75). Comparações dos valores de ER entre os grupos 1 e 2 não tiveram diferença significativa no M30 (P=0.07) e M45 (P=0.19). Conclui-se que a EA não acelerou a consolidação óssea e não aumentou a densidade mineral óssea em cães com FRU durante os 45 dias avaliados após o tratamento.

Plasma rico em plaquetas combinado a hidroxiapatita na formação do calo ósseo em fraturas induzidas experimentalmente no rádio de cães / Platelet-rich plasma combined with hydroxyapatite on bone callus formation in experimental radii fractures in dogs

Avaliou-se, no presente estudo, os efeitos do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) autógeno combinado a hidroxiapatita não-absorvível na formação do calo ósseo em fraturas diafisárias induzidas experimentalmente em rádio de cães e fixadas com placas e parafusos ósseos. Foram utilizados oito cães adultos sem raça definida, machos ou fêmeas, com pesos compreendidos entre 5 e 15kg. Induziu-se na diáfise de ambos os rádios defeito ósseo correspondente a 25 por cento do diâmetro do mesmo. No rádio direito (grupo HA/PRP), implantou-se plasma rico em plaquetas combinado a hidroxiapatita. No rádio esquerdo (grupo HA), implantou-se somente a hidroxiapatita. Para a obtenção do PRP, empregou-se protocolo simplificado utilizando centrífuga laboratorial comum. Comparou-se entre os grupos a evolução clínica dos animais, o tempo de formação e a densidade do calo ósseo por exames radiográficos simples e pela técnica de densitometria óptica aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias de pós-operatório. Tanto na avaliação radiográfica como densitométrica não se observou diferença estatisticamente significante na evolução do calo ósseo entre os grupos (P>0,05). No presente estudo, o PRP autógeno combinado à hidroxiapatita não-absorvível não acelerou o processo de formação do calo ósseo, comparado à hidroxiapatita somente.

The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in combination with unabsorbable hydroxyapatite on bone callus formation in an experimental canine diaphyseal radius fracture stabilized with bone plate. Eight mature, male and female mongrel dogs were selected weighed 5 to 15kg. Bone defects were created, bilateral, in both radii diaphysis, corresponding to 25 percent of bone diameter. On the right radius (group HA/PRP), the defect was filled with PRP and hydroxyapatite. On the left radius (group HA), was placed hydroxyapatite alone. PRP was obtain by a simplified technique using a laboratory centrifuge. Clinical evaluations, bone formation and bone density by use of radiographic and optical densitometry, were compared between group HA/PRP and group HA after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post surgery. The radiographic and densitometric study did not indicate a significant difference in the bone callus formation between the groups (P>0.05). In the present study the autologous PRP in combination with unabsorbable hydroxyapatite could not accelerated the bone callus in comparison with hydroxyapatite alone.

Estabelecimento de valores de densidade mineral óssea (DMO) das regiões metafisária e diafisária do rádio em cães da raça Poodle por meio da Densitometria Óptica Radiográfica / Establishment of values of bone mineral density (BMO) from radius’s metaphysary and diaphysary regions in Poodle by Radiographic Optic Densitometry

A Densitometria Óptica Radiográfica permite aferir o conteúdo mineral do osso por meio de imagens radiográficas, contribuindo para o diagnóstico de osteopenia, monitoração seriada da densidade em resposta a enfermidades ósseas, a intervenções cirúrgicas e de terapia, e as estratégias preventivas relacionadas ao metabolismo ósseo. As densidades ópticas foram medidas por meio do software de processamento de imagens ImageLab, cuja aplicabilidade foi testada para determinação de valores de referência de DMO, comparando-os a uma escala padrão confeccionada em alumínio, radiografada junto ao osso. Correlacionou-se os valores de DMO com as variáveis peso, idade, sexo e largura e espessura do terço distal do rádio-ulna direito de 112 cães Poodle. Pela diferença na proporção de osso esponjoso e compacto entre as regiões metafisátia e diafisátia, os animais apresentaram a DMO da metáfise menor que a da diáfise, fato não observado no grupo de animais de até um ano de idade, devido ao alto metabolismo ósseo na região metafisária durante o período de crescimento. A análise dos valores médios de DMO obtidos para cada categoria avaliada, permitiu verificar que a classificação mais adequada para estabelecer valores de referência foi a por peso e região óssea. Assim, foram estabelecidos valores médios para a região metafisátia (M) e para as diafisárias 1 (D 1) e 2 (D2) em três categorias de peso. Para cães de até 2,5kg os valores definidos foram: DMO-M=2,55±0,30, DMO-D1=2,89±0,40 e DMO-D2=3,16±0,43mmAl; para os de 2,6 a 5,0kg foram: DMOM=3,16±0,43, DMO-D1 =3,67±0,47 e DMO-D2=3,96±0,55mmAl e para os de 5,1 a 7,5kg foram: DMO-M=3,72±0,50, DMOD1=4,31±0,52 e DMO-D2=4,60±0,62mmAl.